基于Rocky Linux 8.10系统使用源码搭建LNMP环境，附加安装SQLite

1. 环境说明

2. Rocky Linux

此处使用 Rocky-8.10-x86_64-boot.iso 镜像进行网络安装，这样可同步软件仓库安装最新版本。 国内镜像下载地址：mirrors.ustc.edu.cn Rocky-8.10-x86_64-boot.iso

2.1. 虚拟机安装过程演示

• 安装系统启动界面
• 选择安装界面语言
• 安装位置 Installation Destination
• 网络配置 Network & Host Name
• 软件安装源 Installation Source 选择 https，输入 mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rocky/8.10/BaseOS/x86_64/os
• 软件选择 Software Selection
• 语言支持 Language Support
• 时间 Time & Date
• 设置root用户密码 Root Password
• 安装信息汇总 Installation Summary
• 开始安装 Begin Installation
• 完成安装

2.2. 系统简单配置

添加 devuser 用户，并自动创建家目录 /home/devuser，这里可以按各自喜好自定义用户名，不推荐直接使用 root 用户操作命令

useradd devuser -m -s /bin/bash

修改密码

passwd devuser

添加到用户组 wheel 以便后续使用 sudo 命令来执行一些需要管理员权限的命令

usermod -aG wheel devuser

注：后续操作登录到用户 devuser 执行，需要管理员权限的命令使用 sudo 执行 配置 EPEL 软件仓库

sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools

sudo dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm

安装基本开发工具

sudo dnf install gcc gcc-c++ gdb make cmake automake autoconf perl perl-devel python36 python36-devel git vim

创建工作区目录

mkdir -p /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp

3. Nginx

3.1. 安装

下载

wget -P /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/ https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.26.1.tar.gz

解压

tar -xf /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/nginx-1.26.1.tar.gz -C /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/

安装依赖包

sudo dnf install pcre pcre-utf16 pcre-utf32 pcre-devel \
pcre2 pcre2-utf16 pcre2-utf32 pcre2-devel openssl openssl-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel gd gd-devel \
GeoIP GeoIP-devel gperftools gperftools-devel \
libatomic_ops libatomic_ops-devel

编译配置

cd /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/nginx-1.26.1/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --builddir=build-out \
--user=www-data --group=www-data \
--with-select_module --with-poll_module --with-threads --with-file-aio \
--with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_v3_module \
--with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module \
--with-http_xslt_module=dynamic \
--with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic \
--with-http_geoip_module=dynamic \
--with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module \
--with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module \
--with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module \
--with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module \
--with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_preread_module \
--with-google_perftools_module --with-cpp_test_module \
--with-compat --with-pcre --with-libatomic

编译

make

安装

sudo make install

3.2. 配置

添加 www-data 用户

sudo useradd www-data -M -s /sbin/nologin

创建虚拟主机配置文件夹，便于分别管理

sudo mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts

编辑 nginx 主配置文件

sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

修改内容如下

user  www-data www-data;
worker_processes  auto;

error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log;
#error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log  info;

pid        /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout   65;

    gzip  on;

    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf;
}

添加默认虚拟主机配置(实际是拷贝的默认配置，只是简单做了个拆分)

sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/defautl.conf

内容如下

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    #charset koi8-r;

    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}


# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
#    listen       8000;
#    listen       somename:8080;
#    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

#    location / {
#        root   html;
#        index  index.html index.htm;
#    }
#}


# HTTPS server
#
#server {
#    listen       443 ssl;
#    server_name  localhost;

#    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
#    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

#    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
#    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

#    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

#    location / {
#        root   html;
#        index  index.html index.htm;
#    }
#}

检测配置文件是否有无问题

sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

编写 systemd 脚本，以便后续管理服务

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

内容如下

[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
RestartSec=20
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

设置开机启动

sudo systemctl enable nginx.service

启动服务

sudo systemctl start nginx.service

开启了 firewalld 防火墙的系统需要放行 http 、https 流量

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https

sudo firewall-cmd --reload

浏览器访问 http://192.168.31.84 (需替换自己实际服务器ip)出现如下欢迎页面即表示安装成功

4. MySQL

4.1. 安装

下载

wget -P /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/ https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.39-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz

解压

sudo tar -xf /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/mysql-8.0.39-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/

创建一个短文件名的软连接，方便输入

sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql-8.0.39-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

4.2. 配置

添加 mysql 用户

sudo useradd mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin

创建数据库目录

sudo mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

修改数据库目录所有者为 mysql 用户

sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/

编辑数据库配置文件 my.cnf

sudo vi /etc/my.cnf

内容如下，其中 basedir 代表 mysql 安装的目录， datadir 代表之前创建的数据库目录，参数需按实际情况修改

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld_safe]
user = mysql
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid_file = /tmp/mysql.pid
log_error = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log

[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
server_id = 1
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
pid_file = /tmp/mysql.pid
character_set_server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
skip_name_resolve = ON
default_time_zone = '+8:00'
explicit-defaults-for-timestamp = ON
tls-version = TLSv1.2
lower-case-table-names = 1
max_allowed_packet = 16M

#performance setttings
lock_wait_timeout = 3600
open_files_limit    = 65535
back_log = 1024
max_connections = 512
max_connect_errors = 1000000
table_open_cache = 1024
table_definition_cache = 1024
thread_stack = 512K
sort_buffer_size = 16M
join_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 768
interactive_timeout = 600
wait_timeout = 600
tmp_table_size = 96M
max_heap_table_size = 96M

#log settings
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
log_error = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
log_error_verbosity = 3
slow_query_log = ON
slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/data/slow.log
long_query_time = 0.5
log_queries_not_using_indexes = ON
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 60
min_examined_row_limit = 100
log_slow_admin_statements = ON
log_slow_slave_statements = ON
log_bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mybinlog
binlog_format = ROW
sync_binlog = 1
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
max_binlog_size = 1G
binlog_rows_query_log_events = ON
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 604800
#expire_logs_days = 7
binlog_checksum = CRC32
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = TRUE

#myisam settings
key_buffer_size = 15M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

[mysqldump]
quick

初始化数据库

sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql

执行完后无任何输出，查看日志

sudo vi /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log

查找 password 关键字有如下信息即表示数据库初始化成功，此时 root 用户的临时密码为 cJ1p/Tf4Q5Bt

2024-08-04T01:10:30.696376Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: cJ1p/Tf4Q5Bt

编写 systemd 脚本，以便后续管理服务

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

内容如下

[Unit]
Description=MySQL 8.0.39 database server
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
ExecReload=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart
RestartSec=300
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

修改 mysql.server 脚本

sudo vi /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

按需修改以下参数，需与 my.cnf 里的参数一致

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
mysqld_pid_file_path=/tmp/mysql.pid

设置开机启动

sudo systemctl enable mysqld.service

启动服务

sudo systemctl start mysqld.service

执行安全安装

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

4.3. 创建测试数据库

在本地以 root 用户登录数据库

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

创建数据库名为 test_db 的测试数据库

create database if not exists test_db default charset utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

创建用户名为 test_user，密码为 test_user@test_db 的测试用户

create user 'test_user'@'%' identified by 'test_user@test_db';

授予操作权限

grant all privileges on test_db.* to 'test_user'@'%';

更新权限

flush privileges;

5. SQLite

5.1. 安装

下载

wget -P /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/ https://www.sqlite.org/2024/sqlite-autoconf-3460000.tar.gz

解压

tar -xf /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/sqlite-autoconf-3460000.tar.gz -C /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/

编译配置

cd /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/sqlite-autoconf-3460000/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sqlite --exec-prefix=/usr/local/sqlite \
--libdir=/usr/local/lib64 --enable-shared --enable-static \
--enable-readline --enable-threadsafe \
--enable-dynamic-extensions --enable-math \
--enable-fts4 --enable-fts3 --enable-fts5 --enable-rtree \
--enable-session --enable-static-shell

编译

make

安装

sudo make install

6. PHP

6.1. 安装

下载

wget -P /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/ https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.2.22.tar.gz

解压

tar -xf /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/php-8.2.22.tar.gz -C /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/

安装依赖包

sudo dnf install systemd systemd-devel curl libcurl-devel \
enchant enchant-devel libffi-devel libavif libavif-devel libavif-tools \
gmp gmp-devel icu libicu-devel openldap openldap-devel \
oniguruma oniguruma-devel aspell aspell-devel readline readline-devel \
ncurses ncurses-devel net-snmp net-snmp-devel libsodium libsodium-devel \
argon2 libargon2 libargon2-devel tidy libtidy libtidy-devel \
zip libzip libzip-devel libzip-tools

编译配置

cd /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/php-8.2.22/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php/8.2.22 \
--exec-prefix=/usr/local/php/8.2.22 \
--enable-embed --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www-data \
--with-fpm-group=www-data --with-fpm-systemd \
--enable-phpdbg --enable-phpdbg-readline --enable-zts --enable-sigchild \
--with-openssl --with-kerberos --with-system-ciphers \
--with-zlib --enable-bcmath --with-bz2 --enable-calendar \
--with-curl --with-enchant --enable-exif   --with-ffi \
--enable-ftp --with-openssl-dir --enable-gd --with-avif --with-webp \
--with-jpeg   --with-xpm --with-freetype --enable-gd-jis-conv \
--with-gettext --with-gmp --with-mhash --enable-intl \
--with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --enable-mbstring --with-mysqli \
--with-mysql-sock --enable-pcntl --with-pdo-mysql --with-zlib-dir \
--with-pspell --with-pdo-sqlite --with-readline --enable-shmop \
--with-snmp --enable-soap --enable-sockets --with-sodium \
--with-password-argon2 --enable-sysvmsg --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm \
--with-tidy --with-xsl --enable-zend-test --with-zip --enable-mysqlnd \
--with-pear PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH \
--with-libdir=lib64

编译

make -j4

编译测试

make test

安装

sudo make install

6.2. 配置

复制 php.ini 配置文件

sudo cp /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/php-8.2.22/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/8.2.22/lib/php.ini

编辑 php.ini 配置文件

sudo vi /usr/local/php/8.2.22/lib/php.ini

以下参数按需修改

date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
upload_max_filesize = 10M
post_max_size = 10M
memory_limit = 256M
include_path = ".:/usr/local/php/8.2.22/include:/usr/local/php/8.2.22/lib/php"
disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,popen,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server

复制 php-fpm 相关配置文件

sudo cp /usr/local/php/8.2.22/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/8.2.22/etc/php-fpm.conf

sudo cp /usr/local/php/8.2.22/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/8.2.22/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

复制 systemd 脚本（启用 --with-fpm-systemd 参数后编译自动生成该脚本）

sudo cp /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/php-8.2.22/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

修改脚本 ProtectSystem 参数，否则后续无法启动

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service

参数修改为如下

ProtectSystem=off

设置开机启动

sudo systemctl enable php-fpm.service

启动服务

sudo systemctl start php-fpm.service

7. 测试

编写测试网页

sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/html/test.php

内容如下

<?php
      phpinfo();
?>

配置 nginx 以支持 php

sudo cp /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/defautl.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/defautl.conf.bak

sudo vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/defautl.conf

修改后的内容如下

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    #charset koi8-r;

    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           html;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}


# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
#    listen       8000;
#    listen       somename:8080;
#    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

#    location / {
#        root   html;
#        index  index.html index.htm;
#    }
#}


# HTTPS server
#
#server {
#    listen       443 ssl;
#    server_name  localhost;

#    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
#    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

#    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
#    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

#    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

#    location / {
#        root   html;
#        index  index.html index.htm;
#    }
#}

重新加载 nginx 配置

sudo systemctl reload nginx

浏览器访问 http://192.168.31.84/test.php (需替换自己实际服务器ip)出现如下php页面即表示安装成功

8. 出现的问题及解决方法汇总

8.1. 编译类

8.1.1. nginx

问题1：

checking for PCRE2 library ... not found
checking for PCRE library ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/local/ ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/include/pcre/ ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /opt/local/ ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /opt/homebrew/ ... not found

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

解决：

sudo dnf install pcre pcre-utf16 pcre-utf32 pcre-devel pcre2 pcre2-utf16 pcre2-utf32 pcre2-devel

问题2：

checking for OpenSSL library ... not found
checking for OpenSSL library in /usr/local/ ... not found
checking for OpenSSL library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found
checking for OpenSSL library in /opt/local/ ... not found
checking for OpenSSL library in /opt/homebrew/ ... not found

./configure: error: SSL modules require the OpenSSL library.
You can either do not enable the modules, or install the OpenSSL library
into the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source
with nginx by using --with-openssl=<path> option.

解决：

sudo dnf install openssl openssl-devel

问题3：

checking for libxslt ... not found
checking for libxslt in /usr/local/ ... not found
checking for libxslt in /usr/pkg/ ... not found
checking for libxslt in /opt/local/ ... not found

./configure: error: the HTTP XSLT module requires the libxml2/libxslt
libraries. You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries.

解决：

sudo dnf install libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel

问题4：

checking for GD library ... not found
checking for GD library in /usr/local/ ... not found
checking for GD library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found
checking for GD library in /opt/local/ ... not found
checking for GD library in /opt/homebrew/ ... not found

./configure: error: the HTTP image filter module requires the GD library.
You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries.

解决：

sudo dnf install gd gd-devel

问题5：

checking for GeoIP library ... not found
checking for GeoIP library in /usr/local/ ... not found
checking for GeoIP library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found
checking for GeoIP library in /opt/local/ ... not found
checking for GeoIP library in /opt/homebrew/ ... not found

./configure: error: the GeoIP module requires the GeoIP library.
You can either do not enable the module or install the library.

解决：

sudo dnf install GeoIP GeoIP-devel

问题6：

checking for Google perftools ... not found
checking for Google perftools in /usr/local/ ... not found
checking for Google perftools in /opt/local/ ... not found
checking for Google perftools in /opt/homebrew/ ... not found

./configure: error: the Google perftools module requires the Google perftools
library. You can either do not enable the module or install the library.

解决：

sudo dnf install gperftools gperftools-devel

问题7：

checking for atomic_ops library ... not found

./configure: error: libatomic_ops library was not found.

解决：

sudo dnf install libatomic_ops libatomic_ops-devel

8.1.2. php

问题1：

checking for libsystemd >= 209... no
configure: error: Package requirements (libsystemd >= 209) were not met:

Package 'libsystemd', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables SYSTEMD_CFLAGS
and SYSTEMD_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.

解决：

sudo dnf install systemd systemd-devel

问题2：

checking for sqlite3 >= 3.7.7... no
configure: error: Package requirements (sqlite3 >= 3.7.7) were not met:

Package 'sqlite3', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables SQLITE_CFLAGS
and SQLITE_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.

解决： 前面的 SQLite 编译后生成的库文件被指定安装在 /usr/local/lib64 目录下，在对 php 进行编译配置时可在 configure 执行的参数中加入 PKG_CONFIG_PATH 变量来包含该目录，这样 pkg-config 工具才会找到对应库文件的pc文件，形式如下：

./configure
xxx \
xxx \
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH

问题3：

configure: error: Package requirements (libcurl >= 7.29.0) were not met:

Package 'libcurl', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables CURL_CFLAGS
and CURL_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.v

解决：

sudo dnf install curl libcurl-devel

问题4：

checking for enchant-2... no
configure: WARNING: libenchant-2 not found trying with old libenchant
checking for enchant >= 1.4.2... no
configure: error: Package requirements (enchant >= 1.4.2) were not met:

Package 'enchant', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables ENCHANT_CFLAGS
and ENCHANT_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.

解决：

sudo dnf install enchant enchant-devel

问题5：

checking for libffi >= 3.0.11... no
configure: error: Package requirements (libffi >= 3.0.11) were not met:

Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables FFI_CFLAGS
and FFI_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.

解决：

sudo dnf install libffi-devel

问题6：

checking for libavif >= 0.8.2... no
configure: error: Package requirements (libavif >= 0.8.2) were not met:

Package 'libavif', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables AVIF_CFLAGS
and AVIF_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.

解决：

sudo dnf install libavif libavif-devel libavif-tools

问题7：

checking for __gmpz_rootrem in -lgmp... no
configure: error: GNU MP Library version 4.2 or greater required.

解决：

sudo dnf install gmp gmp-devel

问题8：

checking for icu-uc >= 50.1 icu-io icu-i18n... no
configure: error: Package requirements (icu-uc >= 50.1 icu-io icu-i18n) were not met:

Package 'icu-uc', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package 'icu-io', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package 'icu-i18n', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables ICU_CFLAGS
and ICU_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.

解决：

sudo dnf install icu libicu-devel

问题9：

configure: error: Cannot find ldap.h

解决：

sudo dnf install openldap openldap-devel

问题10：

configure: error: Cannot find ldap libraries in /usr/lib.

解决： 在64位系统下，安装 ldap 时其库文件安装在64位库目录下，如 /usr/lib64 ，在对 php 进行编译配置时在 configure 执行的参数中加入 --with-libdir=lib64 即可，形式如下：

./configure
xxx \
xxx \
--with-libdir=lib64

问题11：

checking for oniguruma... no
configure: error: Package requirements (oniguruma) were not met:

Package 'oniguruma', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables ONIG_CFLAGS
and ONIG_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.

解决：

sudo dnf install oniguruma oniguruma-devel

问题12：

configure: error: Cannot find pspell

解决：

sudo dnf install aspell aspell-devel

问题13：

configure: error: Please reinstall readline - I cannot find readline.h

解决：

sudo dnf install readline readline-devel ncurses ncurses-devel

问题14：

configure: error: cannot find mm library

解决： 需要手工安装 mm 库，或者取消 configure 中 --with-mm 参数（与参数 --enable-zts 冲突，二选一）。 手工安装主要过程如下：

# 官网下载，速度极慢，甚至连接不上
wget -P /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/ ftp://ftp.ossp.org/pkg/lib/mm/mm-1.4.2.tar.gz
# 其他镜像备份网站下载 推荐
wget -P /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/ https://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.ossp.org/pkg/lib/mm/mm-1.4.2.tar.gz

# 解压
tar -xf /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/mm-1.4.2.tar.gz -C /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/

# 编译及安装
cd /home/devuser/workspace/lnmp/mm-1.4.2/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local --exec-prefix=/usr/local --libdir=/usr/local/lib64

make

sudo make install

问题15：

checking for net-snmp-config... no
configure: error: Could not find net-snmp-config binary. Please check your net-snmp installation.

解决：

sudo dnf install net-snmp net-snmp-devel

问题16：

checking for libsodium >= 1.0.8... no
configure: error: Package requirements (libsodium >= 1.0.8) were not met:

Package 'libsodium', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables LIBSODIUM_CFLAGS
and LIBSODIUM_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.

解决：

sudo dnf install libsodium libsodium-devel

问题17：

checking for libargon2... no
configure: error: Package requirements (libargon2) were not met:

Package 'libargon2', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables ARGON2_CFLAGS
and ARGON2_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.

解决：

sudo dnf install argon2 libargon2 libargon2-devel

问题18：

configure: error: Cannot find libtidy

解决：

sudo dnf install tidy libtidy libtidy-devel

问题19：

checking for libzip >= 0.11 libzip != 1.3.1 libzip != 1.7.0... no
configure: error: Package requirements (libzip >= 0.11 libzip != 1.3.1 libzip != 1.7.0) were not met:

Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables LIBZIP_CFLAGS
and LIBZIP_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.

解决：

sudo dnf install zip libzip libzip-devel libzip-tools

8.2. 运行类

8.2.1. php

问题1：

[devuser@linux php-8.2.22]$ sudo systemctl start php-fpm.service
[sudo] password for devuser:
Job for php-fpm.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status php-fpm.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[devuser@linux php-8.2.22]$

解决：

查看服务状态

systemctl status php-fpm.service

显示如下信息

● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2024-08-04 16:07:51 CST; 3min 27s ago
  Process: 591211 ExecStart=/usr/local/php/8.2.22/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php/8.2.22/etc/php-fpm.conf (code=exited, status=78)
 Main PID: 591211 (code=exited, status=78)

Aug 04 16:07:51 linux systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Aug 04 16:07:51 linux php-fpm[591211]: [04-Aug-2024 16:07:51] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php/8.2.22/var/log/php-fpm.log): Read-only file system (30)
Aug 04 16:07:51 linux php-fpm[591211]: [04-Aug-2024 16:07:51] ERROR: failed to post process the configuration
Aug 04 16:07:51 linux php-fpm[591211]: [04-Aug-2024 16:07:51] ERROR: FPM initialization failed
Aug 04 16:07:51 linux systemd[1]: php-fpm.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=78/CONFIG
Aug 04 16:07:51 linux systemd[1]: php-fpm.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Aug 04 16:07:51 linux systemd[1]: Failed to start The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

其中关键字 Read-only file system 很特殊，大概率不是文件权限问题，经过查阅资料，发现这是编译生成的 systemd 脚本中一个参数值引起的，查看脚本可以看到如下信息

# Mounts the /usr, /boot, and /etc directories read-only for processes invoked by this unit.
ProtectSystem=full

看下该字段的解释，引用自https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.exec.html#ProtectSystem=

ProtectSystem=

　Takes a boolean argument or the special values "full" or "strict". If true, mounts the /usr/ and the boot loader directories (/boot and /efi) read-only for processes invoked by this unit. If set to "full", the /etc/ directory is mounted read-only, too. If set to "strict" the entire file system hierarchy is mounted read-only, except for the API file system subtrees /dev/, /proc/ and /sys/ (protect these directories using PrivateDevices=, ProtectKernelTunables=, ProtectControlGroups=). This setting ensures that any modification of the vendor-supplied operating system (and optionally its configuration, and local mounts) is prohibited for the service. It is recommended to enable this setting for all long-running services, unless they are involved with system updates or need to modify the operating system in other ways. If this option is used, ReadWritePaths= may be used to exclude specific directories from being made read-only. Similar, StateDirectory=, LogsDirectory=, … and related directory settings (see below) also exclude the specific directories from the effect of ProtectSystem=. This setting is implied if DynamicUser= is set. This setting cannot ensure protection in all cases. In general it has the same limitations as ReadOnlyPaths=, see below. Defaults to off.

　Added in version 214.

当设置为 full 时，php-fpm进程将 /usr、/boot、/etc 目录以只读模式挂载，所以此时出现了该问题，将其修改为 off 即可解决。

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service

参数修改为如下

ProtectSystem=off

重新加载修改后的 systemd 脚本

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

重新启动 php-fpm 即可

sudo systemctl start php-fpm.service